The Affects of Vitamin Deficiencies

The public is aware that a shortage in a particular vitamin or mineral can cause disease; but do we know which vitamin deficiency causes which disease? We need to know the role of each vitamin to our body, and what happens if there is a shortage of that vitamin.

Vitamin A is needed for bone development, normal growth, healthy skin, night vision, and reproduction. We normally will get our vitamin A from foods such as dairy products, eggs, and dark red or green leafy vegetables. If we don’t receive enough vitamin A, our body may react with skin problems, and eye damage. 250,000 children a year in less developed countries go blind because of a diet low in vitamin A.

The B vitamins are mostly used to control the process of converting blood sugar into energy. It is also valuable for metabolic activities in the heart, nerves, and the muscles. The B complex vitamins also affect red blood cell reproduction. Shortages of vitamin B can cause visual problems, beriberi, and loss of sensation in the extremities, psychosis and congestive heart failure. Alcohol interferes with the B vitamins and many of the problems that alcoholics face are related to a shortage of vitamin B in their system. A shortage of vitamin B nutrients can also result in people who are being fed intravenously, or receiving long-term dialysis.

One particular B vitamin we need to focus on is B6 or pyridoxine. This vitamin has an effect on over 60 proteins that are important to the nervous system, red and white blood cell production and in heart disease. A shortage of this important vitamin can result in heart disease, birth defects, dementia, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease. A deficiency in vitamin B may also cause skin problems, and nervous system disorders such as lack of concentration, and bad memory. Kidney stones are also a problem for those who are lacking in this B vitamin. Malnourished people and alcoholics are at risk for developing problems because of B6 deficiency. Babies have also been born unable to metabolize B6 and the result can be seizures and convulsions.

Folate acid is another important vitamin in the B complex family. It is important in producing amino and fatty acids. Fetal brain development and learning and memory are affected by a lack of folate acid. Populations who have a diet that is rich in folate acid have a lower rate of stroke and heart disease. A pregnant woman is the one person who needs to be careful not to have a deficiency of folate acid as this could cause birth defects.

Absorbic acid, or vitamin C is an antioxidant that is important for replacing collagen, healthy bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Vitamin C is also thought to boost the immunity system. Although vitamin C deficiency is uncommon in the United States, it can be found in alcoholics, some elderly patients, and other anyone who do not follow a healthy diet. Mild shortages of vitamin C can result in bleeding gums, wounds that do not heal, rough skin and periodontal disease. People who smoke and middle-aged women and men have the highest risk of vitamin C deficiency. High doses of aspirin can also interfere with vitamin C if taken over a long period of time.

Vitamin D is essential for bone structure and if there is a deficiency in vitamin D it can result in a softening of the bones. Vitamin D is also associated with a higher risk of breast and prostate cancer. Exposure to sunlight for a minimum of three times a week for 15 to 20 minutes is recommended for those who live in climates that are conducive for this activity.